What does "interpolation" mean in CNC programming?

Interpolation in CNC programming refers to the method by which the CNC machine moves smoothly between defined points in space. This process allows the machine to calculate the exact path that the cutting tool must follow to achieve the desired shape or feature of the workpiece.

When interpolating, the CNC system determines the necessary positions and velocities needed to transition from one point to another based on the programmed coordinates. This is essential for producing precise and accurate machining results. Interpolation can involve various techniques, such as linear interpolation (straight line movement) or circular interpolation (movement along a circular path), which both help in creating complex contours and geometries efficiently.

The other choices include aspects related to CNC operations but do not define interpolation. Programming tool paths directly focuses on how the paths are outlined but does not describe the movement mechanics between the points. Maintaining speed calculations is a different aspect of CNC operation that relates to tool performance rather than the movement principle. Lastly, programming input and output functions pertains to handling signals and data rather than the physical motion of the machine during machining processes.