What are the common properties that cutting tools must have?

Cutting tools are integral to machining processes, and their performance significantly depends on their material properties. Hardness is crucial as it allows the cutting tool to maintain its shape and cutting edge even under the intense pressures of cutting metal and other materials. Additionally, wear resistance is essential; as the tool contacts the workpiece, it experiences friction and wear, which can lead to decreased performance or failure. Toughness, the ability to absorb energy and deform without breaking, is also vital because cutting tools can experience shock loads and impacts during operation.

These properties work together to ensure that cutting tools can effectively remove material while withstanding harsh working conditions. While other options mention various factors, they do not encompass the critical combination of hardness, wear resistance, and toughness, which are fundamental for optimal cutting tool performance.