In machining, what does the term 'chip load' refer to?

Chip load refers to the thickness of material that is removed by each cutting edge of a tool during one revolution of the tool. This term is crucial in machining because it directly influences the performance of the cutting tool, the quality of the machined surface, and the efficiency of the process.

A proper chip load ensures that the cutting edges engage the material optimally, allowing for effective cutting without excessive wear or overheating of the tool. If the chip load is too small, the tool may not remove enough material, leading to inefficient machining. On the other hand, if it’s too large, it can cause excessive stress on the tool, leading to premature failure or poor surface finish.

Understanding chip load helps machinists determine appropriate feed rates and cutting speeds, ensuring that the machining process is both effective and sustainable.